Maternal Outcomes among Women Undergoing Cesarean Section at a Maternity Hospital in Mosul City, Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Cesarean section is commonly performed obstetric surgical procedure and has become an essential intervention for reducing maternal morbidity and mortality when vaginal delivery is not safe. It carries complications such as hemorrhage, need for blood transfusion, surgical site infection, uterine atony, admission to intensive care unit, and in severe cases, emergency hysterectomy or maternal death.

Objectives: highlighted on socio-demographic factors and its association on maternal out-come women underwent CS in maternity hospital in Mosul city.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1221 pregnant women underwent caesarian section in Al-Batool Teaching Maternity Hospital and Al-Mosul General Hospital, over a six months 1st (January–July) 2026. Using data collection form consisting from three sections: Socio-demographic, maternal cause of cesarian section and maternal outcome with closed ended question (yes and no) the mean score was used with cut off-point (1.5). The Z2 Proportion Test was used to compare different variable between two hospitals with 95% C.I. Chi-square continuity is used to compare between variables. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: It revealed 612 (50.1%) of study sample undergone caesarian section in age groups (21-30). Primary educational level was 591(48.4%) among study sample. Two third (62.8%) of participant were urban. Women underwent emergency C/S were 871 (71.3) and those with one scar were 565 (46.3%). The commonest maternal causes of cesarian section in Al

Batool Teaching Maternity Hospital were previous scar 350 (55.3%) and in Al-Mosul General Hospital was failure to progress 127 (21.65%). The most common maternal outcomes were intensive care unit admission (20.3%), uterine atony (8.3%), need for blood transfusion (8.2%) with P value (0.000). Highest maternal complication were seen among women with age group 40 years and more. ICU admission falls gradually from (29.9%) among illiterate mothers to (9.0%) among university and higher education mothers. Nearly two third of women with maternal complication were had no antenatal care and (48.6%) were multipara

Conclusion: Although nearly half of participant had had maternal outcome but mean score assessment of maternal outcome not reach cut off point. Its presence frequently associated with multipara, women aged more than 40, illiterate and those with absence of antenatal care that required adequate and frequent assessment during pregnancy with insurances of the continuous availability of blood products, uterotonic agents, and intensive care beds at both maternity hospitals to improve maternal outcome.